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суббота, 18 февраля 2017 г.

The Usage Of Gerunds In Articles

Good afternoon everyone! After I got down to work on these articles, it turned out that to find examples of gerunds is much more difficult than to find infinitives. Anyway, here are some of that I did manage to find.

US 'unwavering' in support for Nato allies, says Pence (read full article)

1. President Donald Trump warned before taking office that... - the NPA gerund as an adverbial modifier of time

California 'bombogenesis', biggest storm in years, kills two (read full article)

1. Another motorist at the same junction was saved after climbing on to the roof of his car. - The NPA gerund as an adverbial modifier of time 

2. ...he said, while barricading his home with sandbags. - The NPA gerund as an adverbial modifier of time 
3. ...rain and melting snow caused fears of flooding at the tallest dam in the country... - the NPA gerund as an attribute

Four stars for  Hugh Jackman's last Wolverine film (read full article)

1. If you think that salty language will be Mangold's primary means of testing the permissive limits... - the NPA gerund as an attribute

2. ...via the maximally gory means of blading them through the head in gouging, spurting detail. - The NPA gerund as an attribute

3. ...especially when half the time it's a child doing the slicing and dicing. - The NPA gerunds as an objects

(At this point I found out that I shouldn't have defined syntactic functions of the gerunds. Late is better than never)

4. ... keeps from getting overly sentimental... - NPA gerund

Gerunds in articles

Hello!
Today I have found some interesting articles with quite a lot of gerunds and I would like to share them with you.
Any feedback is much appreciated. :)

1.   EU issues 'final warnings' to five countries over air pollution breaches (full version)

·     …for failing to address repeated breaches of air pollution limits for nitrogen dioxide, NPA
·     …before reaching the ground…NPA
·     include reducing road traffic volume, encouraging a switch to electric cars and limiting the use of diesel cars.NPA

 
2. 11 best hotels in the middle of nowhere (full version)

·     Whether planning a digital detox or an epic honeymoon… – NPA

·     While trekking through the woods… – NPA

·     …a netted terrace for sleeping under the stars. – NPA

·     Adventurous types will enjoy excursions including horseback riding through the sand dunes, hiking up volcanoes, stargazing and biking– NPA

·     But if lounging around sounds more appealing– NPA

·     Choose between diving in the revived coral reefs or simply laze in the sun… – NPA

·     …but there's no risk of going without. – NPA

·     Who says camping has to be down and dirty? – NPA

 

3. Why buying used cars could put your safety at risk (full version)

·     Why buying used cars could put your safety at risk? – NPA

·      ...before selling it back to the dealership… – NPA

·  executing a factory reset on your car only resets the car... – NPA 

·     When Henderson approached car makers about letting (1) car owners wipe apps, companies were concerned about people not being able(2) to do it properly. – 1) NPA; 2) gerundial phrase, NPA.

·     Reselling connected devices causes problems…  – NPA

·     Selling homes with connected devices can be a security issue. – NPA

·     putting the onus on consumers to maintain proper security may make people hesitant about buying any used technology. – NPA

·     I would probably consider buying new rather than second-hand for this reason. – NPA

воскресенье, 12 февраля 2017 г.

Infinitives

Good evening! 

Here is my post on infinitives from 3 articles. The articles cover such topics as politics, art and technology, so they may be quite interesting for you to read as well. 

P.S. This post might be a long read as I've happened to come across quite a lot of infinitives in the articles I've chosen. 

1.   Donald Trump says he will have 'something new next week' to replace travel ban after court defeat (click to read a full version)

·     … he will have (1) “something new next week” to replace (2) travel ban – 1) bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”; 2) non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute modifying a pronoun.
·     … his executive order to ban travel – non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute modifying a noun.
·     … he will introduce(1) "something new" to replace (2) the controversial order – 1) bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”; 2) non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute modifying a pronoun.
·     … the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals' unanimous decision to pause – non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute modifying a noun.
·     …he would "SEE YOU IN COURT”... – bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “would”.
·     …he would announce new security measures… bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “would”.
·     …the new measures would be separate… - bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “would”.
·     So, we'll be doing(1) something very rapidly having to do(2) with additional security for our country. – 1) bare non-perfect continuous active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”; 2) non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute modifying a pronoun.
·     You'll be seeing that sometime next week. – bare non-perfect continuous active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”.
·     We will continue(1) to go through(2) the court process… – 1) bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”. 2) non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal aspect predicate, after a notional verb ”to continue” denoting continuation. 
·    ...that we'll win that particular case… – bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”.
·     Mr Trump did not provide (1) particulars to how he would reintroduce (2) his order or provide (2) these extra security measures. – 1) bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal predicate, after an auxiliary verb “did”; 2) bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”.
·     …that would use language that the courts would eventually favour. – bare non-perfect active infinitives as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “would”.
·     New York City bodegas strike to protest Trump's travel ban – non-perfect active infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
·     We will not allow(1) that to happen(2)… –1) bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”; 2) non-perfect active infinitive in a complex object construction , after a notional verb “to allow” which denotes permission.
·     Mr Trump shifted the apparent shutdown to include so-called "extreme vetting"… – non-perfect active infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
·     The programme allowed refugees from 38 countries to enter the US… – non-perfect active infinitive in complex object construction, after a notional verb “to allow” denoting permission.
·     …but did not outright ban migration… – bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal predicate, after an auxiliary verb “did”.
·     …Mr Trump had come to him for advice about how to enact a "Muslim ban"… - non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute which modifies a noun and is expressed by a conjunctive infinitive phrase.
·     …the right way to do it legally. – non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute which modifies a noun.
·     …about his intent to implement a 'Muslim ban'… – non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute modifying a noun.
·     …the Executive Order was intended to be that ban… – non-perfect active infinitive as an object.
·     The appeals court's refusal to reinstate the Muslim ban… – non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute which modifies a noun.
·     …attempts to enforce this unconstitutional ban… – non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute modifying a noun.
·     We will keep fighting this un-American executive order…– bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”.


2. Sky logging how many times internet customers share pirated content (click to read a full version)

·     …to customers recorded using their web connection to share pirated content - non-perfect active infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
·     we need your help to prevent this happening again. - non-perfect active infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
·     users can proceed to a page… - bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “can”.
·     …the software used to share the content… - non-perfect active infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
·      …Media and TalkTalk, will keep tabs…- bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”.
·     …because I don’t use Popcorn Time…… - bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal predicate, after an auxiliary verb “do”.
·     ISPs won’t monitor customers’ activities themselves, but will instead rely on data from anti-piracy firm MarkMonitor. - bare non-perfect active infinitives as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”.
·      customers exclusively using illegal streaming services won’t be targeted. - bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”.


3.  Inside Europe's first underwater museum, where climate change cannot be ignored (click to read a full version)

·     …where climate change cannot be ignored. – bare non-perfect passive infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “can”.
·   …humankind's tendency to ignore responsibility… – non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute modifying a noun.
·      …but visitors will need(1) to bring (2) a snorkel. – 1) bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”; 2) non-perfect active infinitive as an object.
·     The project, which has taken three years to complete (1), aims to create (1) a visual dialogue between art and nature – the figures helping to form (1)  part of an artificial reef which will act(2) as a breeding site… –  1) non-perfect active infinitives as an object; 2) bare non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate, after a modal verb “will”.
·     The whole idea was for it to become a portal… – non-perfect active infinitive in a for-to-infinitive construction.
·     I want it to inspire (1) people to understand (2)… – 1) non-perfect active infinitive in a complex object construction, after a verb of wish; 2) non-perfect active infinitive as an object.
·     …each installation aims to draw attention… – non-perfect active infinitive as an object.
·     Some are shown to be taking selfies… – non-perfect continuous active infinitive as an adverbial modifier of manner.
·     The concept was designed to portray… – non-perfect active infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
·     …that are designed to attract octopuses…  – non-perfect active infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.
·     …materials designed to be environmentally harmless. – non-perfect active infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.


суббота, 11 февраля 2017 г.

Infinitives from 3 articles

Good afternoon! This Saturday morning seemed to be a splendid opportunity to skim through a bunch of BBC News articles.

1. New Zealand rescuers refloat 100 stranded whales (read full article)


  1. ... have managed to refloat - non-perfect active infinitive as object after a notional verb to manage
  2. ... managed to rescue - non-perfect active infinitive as object after a notional verb to manage
  3. ... after forming a human chain to refloat the whales. - non-perfect active infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose
  4. ... whales are going to lead them out - be going to + infinitive construction. to lead - non-perfect active infinitive.
  5. ... they might turn back - bare infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate
  6. ... he had to warn volunteers -  infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate
  7. ... one of the dead whales appeared to have bite marks -  non-perfect active infinitive as a part of a complex subject with the verb of seeming to appear
  8. ... were also considering how best to dispose - non-perfect active infinitive as object
  9. ... they may become gaseous - bare infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate
  10. ... what exactly causes whales to beach - non-perfect active infinitive as object (after a notional verb to cause)
  11. ...conditions were too dangerous to launch a rescue operation - non-perfect active infinitive as adverbial modifier of result or consequence
  12. ... their ability to navigate. - non-perfect active infinitive as an attribute

2. Rampaging deer caught by shopper in US (read full article)

  1. ...Two other shoppers, including another hunter, then came to help to escort - 1. to help - NPA infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose; 2. to escort - NPA infinitive as complex object.
  2. ... they should use their own judgment - bare infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate
  3. ... before the animal could injure anyone - bare infinitive as a part of a compound verbal modal predicate
3. Uzbek film blocked over lack of Morgan Freeman (read full article)
  1. ... The movie was due to be shown - NPP infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose
  2. ... he's nowhere to be found - NPP infinitive as an attribute
  3. ... by trying to whip up demand for tickets - NPA infinitive as object after a notional verb to try